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In spectroscopy, photons give are the key to understanding the contents a solid, fluid or gas, nearby or far away. That is, because every atom in it’s molecule absorbs, reflects or interacts with specific discrete wavelengths. Astrophysical systems capture photons from distant galaxies and lab based systems analyse bio-molecular processes in living cells… possibilities are endless.
Think about the total range of spectroscopic devices and parts. If astronomical, lab grade to tiny integratable sensors and everything in between. Photonics Supply & Services Partner – PSSP can help you with all parts of the system to raise quality, improve logistics and decrease cost.
Applications examples and experiences with spectroscopic systems:
– Spectroscopic systems to identify and authenticate origin of agricultural produce or consumer products (classification).
– Input devices to measure concentrations of substances, follow reactions and analyze compositions in real-time (quantification).
– Innovation in personal health towards the possibility of following biomarkers with a smartwatch.
– Innovation in smart consumer goods to make devices with yet unseen capabilities.
– Etc. …
Let’s have an exploratory conversation how we can cooperate on the innovations that make use of spectroscopic principles, applying and improving this technology in new ways and solve problems. I am convinced that this technology is capable of benefiting markets and individuals in great ways, so let’s dive into the challenge.
If you are not so acquainted with the field of spectroscopy yet, I want to share the following information with you.
This summary about the field of spectroscopy is intended as a diagonal cut through its theory. But there is always much more to learn if you want to dive deeper into the subject… Feel free to ask me anything.
Definition
Spectroscopy:
Study of the interaction between radiation and matter as a function of wavelength (λ) or the frequency of this radiation. Based on the physical principal of excitation (added energy E) and the resulting varying frequency (ν) relationship E = hν for photons (h is Planck constant).
Spectrometry:
Spectroscopic technique for assessing the concentration or amount of a given species measurement by using a quantity as function of either wavelength or frequency.
Spectra:
A recorded series of specific wavelengths or frequencies of the light energies absorbed and/or emitted, providing “fingerprints” that are characteristic of, and uniquely connected to different elements and compounds.
Applications domains
Physical and analytical chemistry, identification of substances through the spectrum emitted or absorbed, measure doppler shift of spectral lines, heavily used in astronomy, physics, chemistry and remote sensing.
Identification and quantitation of: atoms (elements), molecules, crystals, material states and nuclei
Excitation and methodologies
There are different ways of excitation that give name to different spectroscopic methodologies. Here an overview:
Electromagnetic spectroscopy – Based on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation (photons) with matter.
Electron and Neutron spectroscopy – Based on the interaction of an electron or neutron beam where the kinetic energy of the particle determines its wavelength.
Acoustic spectroscopy – Based on the interaction of sound waves.
Dielectric spectroscopy – Based on the interaction with an externally applied electrical field.
Mechanical spectroscopy – Based on the interaction with a frequency of an external mechanical stress, it’s also known as Dynamic mechanical analysis.
Different types of spectroscopy principles
Absorption, Impedance and Reflectance are the interactions with matter.
Light is measured before and after the interaction to determine electromagnetic spectra which a substance absorbs, resists or reflects. Principles based on light attenuation as described by the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law. Mostly non-destructive methods.
Spectroscopy based on absorption and reflection
Coherent or resonance spectroscopy like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and ultrafast laser spectroscopy
Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS)
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA)
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis)
Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIR)
Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)
Mid-Infrared spectroscopy (MIR)
Far-Infrared spectroscopy (FIR)
Far-Ultraviolet spectroscopy (FUV)
Wavelength Modulation spectrometry (WMS)
Frequency Modulation spectrometry (FMS)
Applications:
Analytical Chemistry
Forensic Chemistry
Material sciences
Process control
Toxicology
Emission spectroscopy
The range of electromagnetic spectra which a substance radiates (emission) after absorbing energy. The source of energy determines name of the emission, i.e. light = luminescence, flame, etc.. Destructive methods and non-destructive.
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis)
Fluorescence spectroscopy
X-ray fluorescence
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Plasma Emission Spectroscopy
Direct-current plasma (DCP)
Glow discharge-optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES)
Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Laser-induced plasma spectrometry (LIPS)
Microwave-induced plasma (MIP)
Flame Emission Spectroscopy
Spark or arc (emission) spectroscopy
Photoacoustic spectroscopy
Mössbauer spectroscopy
Applications:
Confocal Microscopy
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Metal alloy decomposition
Elastic and inelastic scattering spectroscopy
Measured amount of light a substance scatters at excitation with certain wavelengths and at various incident angles and polarization angles. Non-destructive methods.
Raman spectroscopy
Brillouin Spectroscopy
Inelastic neutron scattering
X-ray crystallography
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS)
Applications:
Substance concentration measurements
Crystal structure analysis
Radar
Wavelengths: Gamma ray, X-Ray, UV, VIS, NIR, MIR, FIR, THz, Microwave
Simplified schematic of a double beam UV–visible spectrophotometer (Fig. 1)Let’s talk!
